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Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations

2G		Second Generation (wireless networks)
2.5G		Two and a half generation (wireless networks)
3G		Third Generation (wireless networks)
3GPP		3G Partnership Program
AAL		ATM Adaptation Layer
ACL		Asynchronous Connectionless Link
ACM		Association for Computing Machinery
ADPCM		Adaptive differential pulse code modulation
ADSL		Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
AI		Artificial Intelligence
AIN		Advanced Intelligent Network
AM		Amplitude Modulation
AMPS		Advanced Mobile Phone System
ANSI		American National Standards Institute
API		Application Program Interface
ARPA		Advanced Research Projects Agency
ARQ		Automatic Repeat Request
ASCII		American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASK		Amplitude Shift Keying
ASP		Application Service Provider
ATM		Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AuC		Authentication Center
AVVID		Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data
BER		Bit Error Rate
BGP		Border Gateway Protocol
BPSK		Binary Phase Shift Keying
BSC		Base Station Controller
BSU		Base Station Unit
BTS		Base Transceiver Subsystem
CAS		Channel Associated Signaling
CCS		Common Channel Signaling
CDMA		Code Division Multiple Access
CDN		Content Distribution Network
CDR		Call Details Record
CDROM		Compact Disk Read-Only Memory
CHAP		Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
CMIP		Common Management Interface Protocol
CRC		Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRM		Customer Relations Management
CSMA/CA		Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance
CSMA/CD		Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection
CTI		Computer Telephony Integration
CUG		Closed User Group
CVSD		Continuously Variable Slope Delta (modulation)
DAMA		Demand Assigned Multiple Access
DAP		Directory Access Protocol
DARPANET		Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork
DCE		Data Circuit Terminating Equipment
DECT		Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DES		Data Encryption Standard
DGPS		Differential Global Positioning System
DLC		Digital Loop Carrier
DM		Delta Modulation
DNS		Domain Name System
DSL		Digital Subscriber Line
DTE		Data Terminal Equipment
DTMF		Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
DVB		Digital Video Broadcast
DWDM		Dense Wave Division Multiplexing
EBCDIC		Extended Binary Coded Data Interchange Code
EGP		Exterior Gateway Protocol
EHF		Extra High Frequency
EIA		Electronic Industries Association
EIR		Equipment Identity Register
ETSI		European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FCC		Federal Communications Commission
FEC		Forward-acting Error Correction
FDDI		Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FDM		Frequency Division Multiplexing
FDMA		Frequency Division Multiple Access
FH		Frequency Hopping
FOMA		Freedom of Mobile Multimedia Access
FM		Frequency Modulation
FSK		Frequency Shift Keying
GEO		Geosynchronous Earth Orbiting (satellite)
GMSK		Guassian M-ary Shift Keying
GPRS		General Packet Radio Service
GPS		Global Positioning System
GSM		Global System for Mobile Communications
GUI		Graphical User Interface
HCI		Host Controller Interface
HDLC		High Level Datalink Control
HDSL		High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line
HF		High Frequency
HiperLAN		High Performance Local Area Network
HLR		Home Location Register
HMI		Human Machine Interface
HTML		Hypertext Markup Language
HTTP		Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ICMP		Internet Control Message Protocol
IEEE		Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF		Internet Engineering Task Force
IGP		Interior Gateway Protocol
IMEI		International Mobile Equipment Identity
IMSI		International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IN		Intelligent Network
IP		Internet Protocol
IPN		Interplanetary Internet
IPsec		IP Security Protocol
IrDA		Infrared Data Association
IRP		Interior Router Protocol
ISCII		Indian Standard Code for Information Interchange
ISDN		Integrated Services Digital Network
ISM		Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (band)
ISO		International Organization for Standardization
ISP		Internet Service Provider
ITU		International Telecommunications Union
IVR		Interactive Voice Response
IWF		Interworking Function
JMF		Java Media Framework
JPEG		Joint Photography Experts Group
JVM		Java Virtual Machine
L2CAP		Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol
L2F		Layer 2 Forwarding (protocol)
L2TP		Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
LAN		Local Area Network
LDAP		Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
LEO		Low Earth Orbiting (satellites)
LLC		Logical Link Control
LPC		Linear Prediction Coding
MAC		Media Access Control
MAN		Metropolitan Area Network
MD		Mediation Device
MEO		Medium Earth Orbiting (satellite)
MHS		Message Handling System
MIB		Management Information Base
MIDP		Mobile Information Device Profile
MIME		Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension
MPEG		Moving Picture Experts Group
MS		Mobile Station
MSC		Mobile Switching Center
NC		Network Computer
NE		Network Element
NMC		Network Management Center
NMT		Nordic Mobile Telephony
OCR		Optical Character Recognition
OFDM		Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
OMC		Operation and Maintenance Center
OS		Operating System
OSI		Open Systems Interconnection
OSPF		Open Shortest Path First
PAN		Personal Area Network
PBX		Private Branch Exchange
PC		Personal Computer
PCM		Pulse Code Modulation
PDA		Personal Digital Assistant
PDN		Public Data Network
PDU		Protocol Data Unit
PLMN		Public Land Mobile Network
POCSAG		Post Office Code Standardization Advisory Group
PoP		Point of Presence
PPG		Push Proxy Gateway
PPTP		Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
PSK		Phase Shift Keying
PSTN		Public Switched Telephone Network
PVC		Permanent Virtual Circuit
QoS		Quality of Service
QPSK		Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RADIUS		Remote Authentication Dial In User Service
RFC		Request for Comments
RMI		Remote Method Invocation
RSU		Remote Station Unit
RTCP		Realtime Control Protocol
RTP		Realtime Transport Protocol
SAN		Storage Area Network
SCO		Synchronous Connection Oriented (link)
SCP		Signaling Control Point
SCPC		Single Channel Per Carrier
SDP		Service Discovery Protocol
SMS		Short Messaging Service
SMTP		Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP		Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR		Signal to Noise Ratio
SS7		Signaling System No. 7
SSMA		Spread Spectrum Multiple Access
SSP		Signaling Switching Point
STP		Signaling Transfer Point
SVC		Switched Virtual Circuit
TACS		Total Access Control System
TCP		Transmission Control Protocol
TDD		Time Division Duplex
TDM		Time Division Multiplexing
TDMA		Time Division Multiple Access
TDMA-FDD		Time Division Multiple Access-Frequency Division Duplex
TDMA-TDD		Time Division Multiple Access-Time Division Duplex
TLS		Transport Layer Security
TMN		Telecommunications Management Network
TMSI		Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity
UART		Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
UDP		User Datagram Protocol
UHF		Ultra High Frequency
UMTS		Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
URL		Uniform Resource Locator
UTP		Unshielded Twisted Pair
VC		Virtual Circuit
VLF		Very Low Frequency
VLR		Visitor Location Register
VoIP		Voice over IP
VSAT		Very Small Aperture Terminal
VPN		Virtual Private Network
WAN		Wide Area Network
WAP		Wireless Application Protocol
WARC		World Administrative Radio Conference
WDP		Wireless Datagram Protocol
WDM		Wave Division Multiplexing
WiFi		Wireless Fidelity
WLL		Wireless Local Loop
WML		Wireless Markup Language
WS		Work Station
WSP		Wireless Session Protocol
WTP		Wireless Transaction Protocol
WTLS		Wireless Transport Layer Security
XHTML		eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language
XML		eXtensible Markup Language